View source for Template:ManualDoc:SectionFinancial Management(Openbravo Admin)

== Introduction ==

Openbravo automatically generates an accounting representation of all the transactions within the enterprise that have an economic relevance.<br>Accounting is the system of tracking the assets, the debts, the income and the expenses of a business.

In Openbravo, most of the accounting entries are automatically created while posting [[Document_Type|documents]] such as:
* [[Goods_Receipt#Accounting|Goods Receipts]] and [[Purchase_Invoice#Accounting|Purchase Invoices]] in the [[Procurement_Management|Procurement Management]] business area
*[[Goods_Shipment#Accounting|Goods Shipments]] and [[Sales_Invoice#Accounting|Sales Invoices]] in the [[Sales_Management|Sales Management]] business area.
Accounting entries do not directly related to [[Document_Type|documents]] managed within a given application area can be created and posted in a [[G/L_Journal|G/L Journal]]. For instance a provision for stock depreciation accounting entry.

There are three ways of accounting in Openbravo:
* '''To manually post each document''' by using the process button "Post".<br> The process button "Post" can be found in the window used to create a given document. For instance a purchase invoice is created and therefore could be posted in the [[Purchase_Invoice | Purchase Invoice]] window.
** This button is shown for accounting users if the Attribute "ShowAcct" is visible for them. This configuration is enabled through a  [[Preference#Preferences_Definition|Preference]].
* '''To manually post all the documents/transactions related to a given database table''' for instance the table "Invoices", by using the process [[GL_Posting_by_DB_Tables |GL posting by DB Tables]]
* '''or to automatically post accounting transactions of any type''' by scheduling the "Accounting Server Process" in the [[Process_Request|Process Request]] window.

Accounting activities such as:
* creating and opening of the accounting periods
* entering and posting accounting transactions
* managing payables and receivables accounts as well as the asset depreciation
* reviewing and submitting financial and tax reports to the official authorities
* and closing the accounting year
are performed within the Financial Management application area. 

Finally Openbravo has an '''integrated accounting system''' that combines general accounting and analytical accounting:
* '''General accounting''' aims to primary exploit dimensions such as "'''Account'''" (or "Subaccount" in Openbravo terms)
* '''Analytical accounting''' aims to exploit other dimensions such as "'''Cost Center'''" or "'''Campaign'''" to get a slightly different but also rich financial information.
In other words, Openbravo allows to post transactions to the ledger which can include different dimensions:
* Those dimensions '''can be centrally maintained''' in the [[Client#Client|Client]] therefore are available to all the organizations within that Client.<br>Moreover Organizations of that Client can also have additional dimensions configured separately in its [[General_Ledger_Configuration#Dimension|General Ledger Configuration]].<br>Those dimensions are then available just for that Organization.
* On the other hand, those dimensions '''can not be centrally maintained''' in the [[Client#Client|Client]] but independently maintained in the  [[General_Ledger_Configuration#Dimension|Organization's General Ledger Configuration]].

This application area covers the [[ManualDoc:SectionFinancial_Management(Openbravo_Admin)#Period_End_Close_to_Financial_Report |Period End Close to Financial Report]] business flow and the [[ManualDoc:SectionFinancial_Management(Openbravo_Admin)#Payables_and_Receivables_Management|Payables and Receivables Management]] business flow.

== Period End Close to Financial Report ==

'''Period End Close to Financial Report''' business flow manages the open and close of periods.

[[File:PeriodEndClose_ToFinancialReport.png|800px]]

=== Configuration ===

This section details the basic and not that basic accounting configuration needed prior to the execution of the "Period End Close to Financial Report" business flow.

==== Basic Configuration ====

There are 3 Openbravo accounting concepts which need to be explained before describing the basic accounting configuration:

* '''Fiscal Calendar'''. 
:A fiscal calendar in Openbravo is the year and the periods, normally months, when financial transactions and journal entries are posted to the ledger.
* '''Account Tree'''
:An account tree is the way Openbravo captures the "'''Chart of Accounts'''" (CoA) of an Organization. 
:The Chart of Accounts is a list of all the accounts used in an organization's general ledger.
:Accounts such as balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities and owner's equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses, gains and losses).
:It is important to remark that in Openbravo, the financial reports such as the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement are produced based upon the Chart of Accounts structure.
* '''General Ledger configuration'''.
: The general ledger configuration captures the accounting rules to use while posting the organization's financial transactions to the ledger. Accounting rules such as the "''Currency''" and the "Chart of Accounts" among others.

Having said that, the accounting configuration detailed in this section is the one required for '''legal entities with accounting''', including the business units, because these organization types are the only ones which can have assigned:
* a Chart of Accounts
* a General Ledger configuration
* and a Fiscal Calendar
Obviously these organization types allows posting transactions to the ledger.

Rest of the Organization types behave as explained in the [[Initial_organization_setup|Initial Organization Setup]] and in the [[Organization|Organization]] articles.<br>Very briefly:
* "'''Legal without accounting'''" organizations do not require accounting therefore do not require any basic neither advanced accounting configuration.
* "'''Generic'''" organizations however can have its own General Ledger configuration and Chart of Accounts but the accounting periods can not be opened and closed independently at its level.<br> This type of organizations inherits the Fiscal Calendar of the "legal with accounting" organization they belong to.
* and finally "'''Organization'''" ones can have as well a general ledger configuration and a Chart of Accounts but with the aim of being shared among all the organizations underneath.<br>This organization type can not have a fiscal calendar assigned and besides the transactions within it are not allowed.

Additionally, some countries such as Spain or France require that a '''specific "Chart of Accounts" is used in the statutory books''', therefore the authorities can see the same list of accounts and the same level of detail in the Income statement and in the Balance Sheet.<br>For those cases Openbravo provides a "'''Localization Pack'''" which includes the Statutory Chart of Accounts such as the [http://forge.openbravo.com/projects/spainproflocalizatpack30 Spanish Localization Pack]

On the other hand, there are countries such as USA where a '''specific "Chart of Accounts" is not required'''.<br>For those cases Openbravo provides a [http://forge.openbravo.com/plugins/mwiki/index.php/GenericCOA Generic Chart of Accounts] module which includes a sample Chart of Accounts which can be modified as required.<br>It is recommended to start from a sample chart of accounts like the generic one and evolve it for the organization's needs rather than starting from scratch. 

In-country '''taxes''' setup is another key element of the basic accounting configuration.<br>
There can be Localization Packs which include the setup of the taxes for the country while there can be others which do not include the setup of the taxes for the country.<br>
The Generic CoA module does not include any taxes setup.

Having said all of that, there are three possible "accounting" scenarios:
# '''Openbravo environments with a Localization Pack installed''', for instance the Spanish Localization Pack.<br>A localization Pack which also includes the taxes setup for Spain.
# '''Openbravo environments with the Generic Chart of Accounts (CoA) installed''', mainly in those countries where statutory CoA are not required.
# and '''Openbravo environments which do not have a Localization Pack installed neither the Generic Chart of Accounts module installed'''

The basic accounting configuration is practically the same one for the tree scenarios above but the level of defaulted configuration provided by Openbravo. Obviously scenario 3 above requires an additional configuration effort. 

Finally, it is important to remark that the basic accounting configuration described here is obviously one part of the overall [[Quick_Guide#Business_setup_diagram|Business setup]] flow.

===== Scenario 1 and 2 - Localization Pack or Generic CoA module installed =====

These two scenarios can be grouped as the basis of the accounting configuration required for both of them is the same.

The configuration steps to follow are:
* To '''customize''' the defaulted "'''General Ledger configuration'''" as described in the [[Quick_Guide#General_Ledger_configuration_maintenance|General Ledger configuration maintenance]] article of the Quick Guide.
* To '''review and maintain''' the Chart of Accounts created by default as described also in the [[Quick_Guide#Chart_of_Accounts_.28CoA.29_Maintenance|Chart of Accounts Maintenance]] article of the Quick Guide.
* Finally, it is also required '''to setup''' the "'''Balance Sheet'''" and the "'''Income Statement'''" as described also in the [[Quick_Guide#Balance_Sheet_and_P.26L_structure_setup|Quick Guide]].

It is important to remark that:
* If the Localization Pack includes the '''in-country taxes''' setup, the only configuration left to do is:
** to assign the corresponding [[Tax_Category|Tax Categories]] to the products
** and to assign the corresponding [[Business_Partner_Tax_Category|Business Partner Tax category]] to the business partners of the Organization,<br>otherwise review the last step of the scenario 3 below which describes how to create and setup the taxes.

===== Scenario 3 - Localization Pack and Generic CoA do not installed =====
 
The enterprise in this scenario should follow below steps which implies an additional configuration effort:

* The creation, setup and maintenance of the [[Account_Tree|Account Tree]].
* The creation and setup of the [[General_Ledger_Configuration |General Ledger configuration]].
* The setup of the "Balance Sheet" and the "Income Statement" in the [[Balance_sheet_and_P&L_structure_Setup| Balance Sheet and P&L Structure Setup]] window
* The creation and setup of the "''Taxes''".<br>This step implies to create and properly configure three taxes dimensions which are:
** The [[Tax_Category|Tax Categories]]. Tax categories are related to products.  When you transact with a product, the tax category is used to determine the rate which gets applied.<br>Once created need to be linked to the [[Product|Products]].
** The [[Business_Partner_Tax_Category|Business Partner Tax Categories]] as there are some business partners who are treated differently from others according to established legal provisions. Business Partner Tax Categories are used to identify these business partners and to incorporate these differences into tax calculations.<br>Once created need to be linked to the [[Business_Partner#Customer|Customers]] and [[Business_Partner#Vendor/Creditor|Vendors]]
** And finally the [[Tax_Rate|Tax Rates]] which are the applicable rates for a tax category within the context of a document and its elements (business partner, product, locations).

This scenario is covered in the corresponding articles of the User Guide.

Additionally, all of the three scenarios above require anyway below additional accounting configuration:
* The creation of a [[Fiscal_Calendar|Fiscal Calendar]]
* The creation of the [[Fiscal_Calendar#Year|Years]] of the calendar and the [[Fiscal_Calendar#Period|Periods]] of each year. <br>The accounting periods of a year can follow the calendar year of January to December, or can differ.
* The opening of the accounting periods is the [[Open/Close_Period_Control|Open/Close Period Control]] window.<br>Openbravo allows to open all the periods of a year at once or to open the first period of a year and later on the next/s, or even to open first a given set of periods.<br>If a period is not open it is not possible to make any journal entry within that period and get it posted.
* To allow the accounting users to "Post"/"Unpost" transactions as well as to view and edit the ledger accounts contained in the "Accounting" tabs such as the [[Product#Accounting|Accounting]] tab in the product window.
** Above is configured by setting for those user/s the [[Preference|Preference]] "ShowAcct" to "Yes".
* To schedule the [[Process_Request|Accounting Server Process]] in case it is desire that Openbravo searches and posts the transactions in status "Complete" suitable to be posted.

=== Advanced Configuration ===

As already mentioned '''there is an additional accounting configuration''' which might be needed regardless of whether a localization pack is installed or not.

* The creation of the [[G/L_Item|G/L Items]].<br>A G/L item is an “alias” used in place of a sub-account number. A G/L Item can be used to post transactions related to invoices and payments.  G/L items are used to account for financial obligations that are not ordinarily invoiced and other special procurement items which are invoiced but for which no ordinary master data (such as a Product) are maintained.

As a side note Openbravo contains pre-seeded [[Document_Type|Document Types]]:
* Each document type in Openbravo refers to a business transaction such as a purchase invoice or a sales order.
* The document types allow you to create specific printed formats for business documents and allow you to define sequence numbers for their use.

=== Execution ===

Overall the '''Period End Close to Financial Report''' business flow can be split into the following steps once the accounting period has been opened:

* the opening of the accounting
* the review of the accounting transactions
* the creation of accounting transactions and G/L item payments
* the printing of the Trial Balance
* the adjustments required prior to the income calculation
* the adjustments require prior to the closing of the accounting year
* the printing of the preliminary Income Statement and Balance Sheet
* the closing of the accounting year 
* and the printing of the final Income Statement and Balance Sheet 

==== Opening of the accounting ====

This very first step implies to initialize the balance of the ledger accounts and the financial accounts or banks. The way to do that in Openbravo is:
* The ledger accounts balance can be initialized by using a [[G/L_Journal|G/L Journal]] set us "Opening", therefore that ledger entry is set as the "Opening Ledger Entry".<br>A journal line can be created for each account and its opening balance, once done the G/L Journal will validate that the Total Debit of all the entries equals to the Total Credit.
* The financial accounts balance can be initialized in the [[Financial_Account|Financial Account]] window, in the "Initial Balance" field, therefore the corresponding financial account/s or banks needs to be previously created.

To learn more about this topic, please review the [[How_to_initialize_financial_balances_in_Openbravo | How to initialize financial balances in Openbravo]] article.

==== Review of the accounting transactions ====

As already mentioned in Openbravo most of the accounting entries are automatically created while posting documents such as a purchase invoice or a sales invoice.<br>For instance the accounting of a purchase invoice will take:
* the expense account setup for the product being purchased in the [[Product#Accounting|Accounting]] tab of the "Product" window
* the vendor liability account setup for the vendor in the [[Business_Partner#Vendor_Accounting|Vendor Accounting]] tab of the "Business Partner" window
* and the tax credit account setup in the [[Tax_Rate#Accounting|Accounting]] tab of the "Tax Rate" window.

Openbravo allows to review and correct if needed the accounting entries of transactional documents such as the Invoices.<br>Same way Openbravo allows to unpost wrongly posted transactional documents one by one to get them corrected and properly posted once more.<br>The way to do that is explained in the [[ManualDoc:Common_OBConcepts%26Processes#Document-Post.2FUnpost|Document-Post/Unpost]] article of the Common Concepts and Processes section.

Additionally, the [[Accounting_Transaction_Details|Accounting Transactions Details]] report shows all the transactions posted in the ledger with all the details and the [[Not_Posted_Transaction_Report|Not Posted Transactions]] report shows the transactions which need to be accounted but have not been accounted yet.

Finally Openbravo allows to massively fix accounting errors if any, for instance a vendor liability account wrongly assigned to a vendor or to a set of vendors.<br>The way to do that is:
* run the [[Reset_Accounting|Reset Accounting]] process for the table being affected for instance the "C_Invoice" table (Purchase Invoice and Sales Invoice table).
* correct the accounting configuration 
* get the transactions posted once again by using the [[GL_Posting_by_DB_Tables|GL Posting by DB Tables]] feature.<br> This feature performs a massive posting of all the accounting or just the accounting of a table for instance the "C_Invoice" table (Purchase Invoice and Sales Invoice table).

==== Creation of accounting transactions and G/L item payments ====

As already mentioned accounting entries do not related to documents managed within a given application area can be created and post to the ledger by using a [[G/L_Journal|G/L Journal]].

A '''G/L Journal''' can also be used to '''make and/or receive payments''' do not related to orders/invoices but to G/L items.<br>G/L items payments are also managed within the [[Financial_Management#Payables_and_Receivables_Management|Payables and Receivables management]] area.

==== Printing of the Trial Balance to check that "Debit=Credit ====

The [[Trial_Balance|Trial Balance]] is a list indicating the balances of every single general ledger account at a given point in time.<br>The purpose of the trial balance is to check that debits are equal to credits. If debits do not equal credits that means that an erroneous journal entry must have been posted. 

Openbravo does not allow to post journal entries which do not balance. A G/L Journal can only be posted if Debit equals Credit, however there could be situations where while posting an invoice rounding differences drive that debit do not exactly equal credit. In this situations the difference is posted in a specific suspense account. [[General_Ledger_Configuration#General_Accounts|Suspense]] accounts are configured in the General Ledger configuration.

==== Adjustments required prior to the income calculation ====

An organization's income statement shows the organization's financial performance over a period of time (usually one year) as the difference between:
* the organization's revenue
* and the organization's expenses

An Income Statement can look like:

[[File:Income_Statement.png]]

In order to get an accurate income calculation, there are some adjustments required to be done first:

* the organization needs to '''review the revenues and the expenses''' to be sure that the ones accounted within the period which is going to be closed are the ones which should be accounted regardless whether they are paid or not. This kind of adjustment is not required if the organization follows the accrual method of accounting that is Openbravo method of accounting.<br>Under the accrual method of accounting, revenue is recorded as soon as services are provided or goods are delivered and therefore invoiced, regardless of when cash is received.<br>Same way, expenses are recognize as soon as the company receives goods or services and therefore get invoiced, regardless of when it actually pays for them.

* the organization needs to calculate the '''Cost of Goods Sold''' (CoGS). The CoGS is the amount that the company paid for the goods that it sold over the course of the period. This calculation depends on the method of keeping track of inventory. There are two primary methods, the perpetual method and the periodic method:
** the perpetual method is used by any business that keeps real-time information on inventory levels and that tracks inventory on an item-by-item basis.<br>This method allows very accurate recordkeeping as to the Cost of Goods Sold which is the sum of the cost of all the items sold over the period.
** the periodic method is used by any business that count inventory at regular intervals.<br> When using this method Cost of Goods Sold is calculated using the following equation:<br> (Beginning Inventory + Inventory purchases - Ending Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold)<br>Besides if a business is dealing with changing per-unit inventory costs, a specific method of calculating the CoGS needs to be used, that could either be FIFO, LIFO or Average Cost.

Finally an income statement can separate "Operating Expenses" such as salaries and rent from "Non-Operating Expenses" such as a lawsuit.<br>Operating Expenses are the expenses related to the normal operation of the business and are likely to be incurred in future periods as well.<br>This way allows the calculation of the "Operating Income" as the difference between the "Gross Profit" and the "Total Operating Expenses".

==== Adjustments required prior to the closing of the accounting year ====

Other adjustments required can be :

* '''Long term amounts must be reclassified''' to short term amounts. The long term amount reclassified to short term amount is the amount due in the next year.<br>This process is usually done for long term doubts for instance. In Openbravo this kind of transactions can be manually created by using a [http://wiki.openbravo.com/wiki/G/L_Journal GL Journal].
* '''Taxes such as the VAT needs to be settled''' periodically.<br>The [http://wiki.openbravo.com/wiki/How_to_manage_VAT_settlement_and_payment How to Manage VAT settlement and payment] article explains how to do that in Openbravo.<br>It is important to remark that '''VAT accounts balance has to be equal to 0''' in the last period of the year, as either the organization has to pay to the tax authorities or the other way around.
*''' Assets depreciation needs to be properly accounted''' within the period being closed as this adjustment will affect :
** the income statement as depreciation is an expense
** and the debit side of the balance sheet as assets will be decreased by the depreciation amount of the period

==== The printing of the preliminary Income Statement and Balance Sheet ==== 

Once configured, Openbravo allows to get and print the Income Statement and the Balance Sheet whenever it is required as the structure of these reports is based on the chart of accounts tree.

It is very useful to print these financial reports prior to the closing of the year as it allows to get a sense of whether there are some missing adjustments required to be done prior to the closing of the year or not.

During the accounting cycle there are other reports which can also be printed:
* the [[General_Ledger_Report|General Ledger Report]] list all the debits entries and all the credits entries of every "T-Account" within a given period of time
* the [[Journal_Entries_Report|Journal Entries Report]] lists in a chronological order every journal entry posted in the ledger

==== The closing of the fiscal year ====

Openbravo allows to perform below detailed checks prior to the closing of the fiscal year:

* run the [[Not_Posted_Transaction_Report|Not Posted Transaction]] report to verify that there are no transactions and/or documents in status "Complete" do not posted yet.
* check that there are no documents still having a "Draft" status, specially those ones which require to be [[General_Ledger_Configuration#Active_Tables |accounted]].
* unscheduled the [[Process_Request|Accounting Server Process]] therefore an stable scene can be assured.
* Check that the [http://wiki.openbravo.com/wiki/Financial_Account Financial Account/s] current balance in Openbravo and compare it with the information provided by the banks. It is possible to adjust financial account balance by using G/L Items or [http://wiki.openbravo.com/wiki/How_to_Transfer_Funds_Between_Financial_Accounts how to transfer funds between financial accounts].

Before running the close year process the accounting periods can be [[Open/Close_Period_Control|closed]] not to allow any further posting within those periods, but the "13th period".<br>The "13th period" is an "adjustment period" which can be used to post the adjustments required to the ledger through [[G/L_Journal|G/L Journals]] prior closing the year.

The ”Close Year” process can be executed from the [[End_Year_Close|End Year Close]] window.

The end-year close process can be executed for "Legal with Accounting" organization types as that organization's type have a "Fiscal Calendar" and "General Ledger" configured. 

There is a check-box in the [[General_Ledger_Configuration#General_Accounts|General Accounts]] tab of the ''"General Ledger Configuration"'' window which drives how the end-year closing outcome is going to be for the organizations' General Ledger.<br>That check-box is named '''"Reverse Permanent Account Balances'''"
* if it is checked the closing of the year process includes an entry to reverse the balance sheet accounts besides the P&L closing entry
* if it does not check the closing of the year process includes just the P&L closing entry

Openbravo uses the adjustment period (i.e. December 31st) for accounting the closing transactions if any, and the next period's first date (i.e. January 1st) for accounting the opening transactions if any.

To learn more about this process, visit the [[End_Year_Close|End Year Close]] window.

==== The printing of the final "Income Statement" and "Balance Sheet" ====

Once a year has been closed every financial report contains the corresponding closing and opening transactions:
* the [[Balance_sheet_and_P%26L_structure|Balance Sheet]] will show the financial situation of the organization as of the end of the accounting period closed.<br> Openbravo allows to get a two columns balance sheet:
** One column shows the balances as of the end of the most recent accounting period
** and the other column shows the balances as of the prior period end.
This balance allows to see how the financial position of the organization has changed over time.
* the [[Balance_sheet_and_P%26L_structure|Income Statement]] will show the organization performance over the year closed

And besides:
* the [[General_Ledger_Journal|General ledger Journal]] allows to show for a given accounting period below entries posted by the "Close Year" process:
** the opening balance entry 
** the closing balance entry
** and the P&L closing entry

== Payables and Receivables Management ==

'''Payables and Receivables Management''' addresses customer collections and supplier payments as well as other payments do not related to invoices but to orders (prepayments) or G/L Items.

[[Image: Payment Workflow.png| 800px]]

=== Configuration ===

The following setup needs to be done before performing the process:
* [[Document_Type | Payables and Receivables Document Types]].
* [[Payment_Method | Payment Methods]].
* [[Financial_Account | Financial Accounts]].
* [[Business_Partner | Business Partners]] to use above configured Payment Methods and a Financial Accounts.

'''Note:''' It is not required to perform any additional setup for the '''Payables and Receivables Management''' business process if Food & Beverage (F&B) sample client shipped with Openbravo by default is going to be used to explore it. The sample data set already contains the roles, warehouses, business partners, products and prices pre-configured.

=== Execution ===

Overall the '''Payables and Receivables Management''' business process can be split into the following steps:
* the creation of the orders and invoices to be paid
* the creation of payments do not related to orders/invoices 
* the review of the status of the pending payments  
* the receipt of the payments made by the customers
* the payment of the supplier's invoices
* the recording of the financial account transactions
* and the reconciliation of the financial account transactions

==== Creation of the orders/invoices to be paid ====

In the [[Procurement_Management#Procure_to_Pay_Business_Flow | Procure to Pay]] and [[Procurement_Management#Order_to_Cash_Business_Flow | Order to Cash]]  business process we have seen how the orders and invoices have been generated.<br>Every time that a [[Purchase_Order | Purchase]] or [[Sales_Order | Sales Order]] is booked or a [[Purchase_Invoice | Purchase]] or [[Sales_Invoice | Sales Invoice]] is completed a [[ManualDoc:Common_OBConcepts%26Processes#Payment_Plan_tab | Payment Plan]] is created for that Order / Invoice. <br> A payment plan contains the payment amount/s expected for the document and its fulfillment. At the same time the invoice [[ManualDoc:Common_OBConcepts%26Processes#Payment_Monitor | Payment Monitor]] section gets activated that allows to track the invoice payment status directly from the invoice window.

==== Creation of payments do not related to orders/invoices ====

In the [[Financial_Management#Period_End_Close_to_Financial_Report| Period End Close to Financial Report]] business process we have seen how a payment can be made or received by using a [[G/L_Journal|GL Journal]] therefore it is not related to an order/invoice but to a G/L Item.

A '''G/L Item payment''' created in a G/L Journals implies:
* the creation of a [[Payment_Out|Payment Made]] if the payment information is entered in the "'''Credit'''" line of the G/L Journal.<br>The status of this payment would either be "Payment Made" or "Awaiting Execution" or "Withdrawn not Cleared" depending on the [[Payment_Method#Payment_Method_configuration|configuration]] of the payment method used and linked to the financial account where the money is taken from.
* or the creation of a [[Payment_In|Payment Received]] if the payment information is entered in the "'''Debit'''" line of the G/L Journal. <br>The status of this payment would either be "Payment Received" or "Awaiting Execution" or "Deposited not Cleared" depending on the [[Payment_Method#Payment_Method_configuration|configuration]] of the payment method used and linked to the financial account where the money is going to be deposited in.

==== Review of the status of the pending payments ====

On a periodic basis the '''Finance Staff reviews the status of the payments''' pending to be collected / to be paid by looking:
* At the [[Payment_Report | Payment Report]] and filtering by the status ''Awaiting Payment'' which means that no payment has been either received or made against the order or invoice yet.
** '''Overdue''' check-box allows to narrow down the search and to show only overdue payments. 
** '''Payment Type''' displays Receivables, Payables or both.
* In addition to this [[Sales_Invoice | Sales]] and [[Purchase_Invoice | Purchase Invoice]] windows in grid view are available to search open invoices by setting '''Payment Complete''' field to ''No''.

==== Receipt of the customer's payments  ====

When a '''Payment is Received''' the Finance staff can register it in different ways:
* In the [[Payment_In | Payment In]] window by selecting the Sales Invoices and/or '''Orders''' payment is received against.
** '''Note.''' Many businesses do not wish to extend credit to specific customers and may therefore have a payment term that requires payment against an order. In effect this is a [[How_to_Manage_Prepaid_Invoices_in_Receivables|prepayment]] of an invoice. Later when an invoice is created from an order that already has a payment received against it the invoice automatically inherits the payment received against the order.
* Using the [[Sales_Invoice#Lines | '''Add Payment''']] button directly within the corresponding Sales Invoice. It can be when the user has received a single payment for a particular invoice and prefers to browse for that invoice in order to allocate the payment to it.
* It is also possible to '''automate receiving''' of a payment '''on completion''' of a Sales Invoice through the configuration of the [[Payment_Method#Payment_Method_configuration | Payment Method]].

If collection does not happen on time:
* The Expected Date of the [[Sales_Invoice#Payment_Plan |Payment Plan]] can be modified, preventing the debt for being overdue.
* The Amount due of the [[Sales_Invoice#Payment_Plan |Payment Plan]] can be:
** split in two or more amounts due at a later expected date.
** or grouped in just one amount due at a later expected date.
* The outstanding balance for a customer can be totally or partially [[Sales_Invoice#Payment|written off]].

==== Payment of the supplier's invoices ==== 

There are 3 ways to '''pay vendor''' bills:
* Using the [[Payment_Proposal | Payment Proposal]] process. This process supports the automatic payment of a large number of invoices based on the due dates of the lines of the Payment Plan associated with the open Purchase Invoices. The finance staff can request a proposal of all invoices to be paid based on a number of criteria, review that proposal, and then automatically make the payment.
* In the [[Payment_Out | Payment Out]] window by selecting the Purchase Invoices and/or '''Orders''' payment is made against.
** '''Note.''' Many businesses do not have credit extended to them and may therefore be required to make a payment against a purchase order. In effect this is a [[How_to_Manage_Prepaid_Invoices_in_Payables|prepayment]] of a purchase invoice. Later when an invoice is created from an order that already has a payment made against it the invoice automatically inherits the payment made against the order.
* Using the [[Purchase_Invoice#Payment | '''Add Payment''']] button directly within the corresponding Purchase Invoice. It can be when the user needs to make a single payment for a particular invoice and prefers to browse for that invoice in order to allocate the payment to it.
* It is also possible to '''automate making''' of a payment '''on completion''' of a Purchase Invoice through the configuration of the [[Payment_Method#Payment_Method_configuration | Payment Method]].

==== Recording of the financial account transactions ==== 

Finance Staff records '''Withdrawals and Deposits''' as transactions in the [[Financial_Account | Financial Account]] window by pressing the '''Add Transaction''' button and selecting either the received or made payments.<br>This step in the process can also be completely automated through the configuration of the [[Payment_Method#Payment_Method_configuration | Payment Method]] so that the payments are automatically withdrawn or deposited when they are completed.

==== Reconciliation of the financial account transactions ====

Finance Staff receives a bank statement (a paper or electronic bank statement) and reconciles the transactions in the Financial Account marked as ''Deposited / Withdrawn not Cleared'' with the actual transactions on the bank statement. This process can be done
* Manually (one by one reconciling the transactions in the Openbravo Financial Account with the bank statement lines) by using the '''Reconcile''' button of the [[Financial_Account | Financial Account]] window.
* Automatically by '''Importing Statement''' first and then '''Matching Statement''' using a matching algorithm.

Additionally, any transactions (receipts and payments) shown on the bank statement and not reflected in the Financial Account should also be entered into Openbravo to get them reconciled.

Finally Finance Staff prints the Reconciliation reports ('''Reconciliation Details''', '''Reconciliations Summary''') that explain any difference in the end balance shown for the Financial Account in Openbravo and the end balance shown on the bank statement.

== Asset Acquisition to Dispose ==

'''Manages''' global assets life cycle from acquisition to disposition, including depreciation and other write-downs.

[[Image: AssetAcqDispBusinessProcess.png| 800px]]

'''Note:''' This business flow is not yet documented in the new [[User Guide]]. Meanwhile we progress on it please use following [[Asset_Acquisition_to_Dispose]] document.

== Relationship with other areas ==

Financial Management has a connection with other application areas, as there are documents or transactions in those areas which can be posted and therefore be part of a ledger journal to be finally managed within the Financial Management application area.

* [[Procurement_Management|Procurement Management]] as Purchase Invoices are posted there and Goods Shipments as well as Supplier's Payments or Payments Out can be posted there.
* [[Sales_Management|Sales Management]] as Sales Invoices are posted there and Goods Shipment as well as customers's Payments or Payments In can be posted there.
* [[Warehouse_Management|Warehouse Management]] as Physical Inventory is posted there.
* [[Production_Management|Production Management]] as for the processing of the Work Effort raw materials are consumed and posted there at cost price as well as Products manufactured.

== Application Menu ==

Please find below detailed description of all windows and reports of the Financial Management application area split into three sub-areas: 
* [[Financial_Management#Receivables_and_Payables|Receivables and Payables]]
* [[Financial_Management#Accounting|Accounting]]  
* and [[Financial_Management#Assets|Assets]]